Which of the following actions does NOT typically involve patent portfolio management?

The correct answer identifies an action that does not normally fall under the umbrella of patent portfolio management. Maintaining patent rights after expiration does not typically occur because once a patent has expired, the rights associated with that patent have ceased. The patent holder no longer has exclusive control over the invention, meaning they cannot maintain rights in the same way they do for active patents. Patent portfolio management primarily focuses on activities concerning active patents, including filing new applications, assessing the value of existing patents, and licensing. These activities aim to maximize the commercial value and strategic positioning of the patents while they are in force. Once a patent expires, its management shifts away from maintaining rights to addressing former patent implications or developing strategies for new innovations.